The characteristics which signify diabetes, hyperglycemia and glucosuria were explained and defined. The structure of a glucose molecule was handed out and described as a monosaccharide or simple sugar. The digestion of polysaccharides, like starch, was shown to produce monosaccharides, the main source of energy for use by cells. Outlining the cellular respiration of glucose into energy, carbon dioxide, and water was examined as the way glucose is metabolized. Any glucose not metabolized is stored in the liver, excreted in the urine or converted to fat. This is the reason that an excess of glucose may show up in the urine and the blood. The discovery of Insulin by Banting and Best, and the method used was explained. The function of insulin, the areas in the pancreas producing insulin, and the physiology of lack of insulin was described. The types of diabetes were listed and the use of either insulin or oral medication to treat the lack of insulin or the inability of the pancreas to manufacture and secrete sufficient quantities was discussed.