We discussed the Mayflower Compact written circa. 1620. It was a formal document the Pilgrims drew up before going ashore to Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact was a necessary step in the development of representative government in America. We reviewed the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630, Connecticut in 1636 and Rhode Island in 1644. Rhode Island's policy of religious toleration made it a safe place for people of all faiths - including the earliest Jewish immigrants from Europe. The oldest synagogue in the U.S. is in Rhode Island. In 1679, the colony of New Hampshire became completely independent from Massachusetts. We discussed how New Englanders went to war against the Native American Wampanoag people in what was called King Philip's War. The settlers defeated Wampanoag people around 1675. The war destroyed the power of Native Americans in New England, leaving the colonists free to expand their settlements. By 1660, England had 2 clusters of colonies: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut in the north and Maryland and Virginia in the south. Between the two groups of English colonies, were lands the Dutch controlled. Their posts along the Hudson River grew into the colony of New Netherland. The busiest settlement of the colony was New Amsterdam located on Manhattan Island. In 1626, the Dutch West India Company bought Manhattan from the Manhates people for a small quantity of beads and other goods. New Amsterdam had a good seaport and soon became a center of shipping to and from the Americas. Wealthy Dutch landowners called patroons began to immigrate and settle along the shores of the Hudson River. In 1644, the English took over control of New Amsterdam and other Dutch colonies. New Amsterdam was renamed New York and was proprietary colony under the control of it's proprietor, the Duke of York. New York also became a colony that welcomed diverse settlers from Dutch, German, Jewish, Swedish, and English settlers. Around 1675, the Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony to Lords Berkeley and Carteret. They named their colony New Jersey and like NY, it was also a place of ethnic and religious diversity. in 1680, William Penn, who belonged to a Protestant group of dissenters called Quakers, began to establish the colony of Pennsylvania. In 1682, he supervised the building of Philadelphia, the "city of brotherly love". In 1704 the three lower counties of Pennsylvania became a separate colony: Delaware.