Between the Civil War and World War I, America experienced a Second Industrial Revolution when the nation's economy became centered around factories. Millions of unskilled industrial jobs were filled, especially by immigrants, women and children, who could all be paid at a lower-than-average rate. Without a minimum wage, American men still only brought home poverty wages for a 60-hour work week with no paid holidays. The workplace was dangerous, with nearly eight times the accidental death rate of modern industry, and there were no disability payments for those who could no longer work due to injury. One of the worst tragedies took place in 1911 at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, where 146 workers died, finally prompting fire safety regulations for the workplace. Some workers joined labor unions to try to improve their working conditions. Child labor decreased over time.In the late 1800s, urbanization produced a new middle class in America. New technology changed the lifestyle of modern cities and allowed people to live in greater comfort than ever before. New printing methods resulted in a literate, informed population. The most revolutionary new communications technology was the telephone, which allowed the population to control the flow of information, changed business and society and introduced new careers for women. Those who could, enjoyed new forms of leisure. The most popular spectator sport was baseball. Education at every level expanded and caused significant changes for middle class women. Popular novels by Mark Twain satirized life in the antebellum South.