The women's rights movement in the U.S. occurred in a series of waves from the 19th through the 21st centuries. The first wave of feminism began in roughly 1848 with the Seneca Falls Convention on women's rights and culminated around 1920 with the ratification of the 19th amendment, which granted women the right to vote. The first wave had been mostly focused on women's suffrage, so after this was achieved, the women's movement was not as active for a few decades. The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s. There were several types of women's groups during this time, and they often disagreed with each other. The conservative women's movement believed in maintaining the patriarchal status quo and women's societal roles under patriarchy, whereas the radical women's movement believed that all institutions created by men were oppressive. The major point of contention between these different women's groups was the Equal Rights Amendment, which was proposed by feminists but never ratified. Not all women activists during this time were part of either the radical women's movement or the conservative women's movement. For example, the work of Gloria Steinem and Fanny Lou Hamer benefited young African-American women working blue-collar jobs.