After reviewing techniques for writing an introduction and a conclusion to an essay, we compared two essays with opposing views . JP then identified the techniques each writer used in his introduction and conclusion, and we discussed why the techniques were effective . We further analyzed each writer's line of reasoning or organizational structure and noted how one essay laid out the counterargument first in order to use the remainder of the essay for refutation . Last, we reviewed JP's homework answers and discussed modifications based on class discussion ,specifically noting how the use of a quotation in an introduction can set the tone for the essay and suggest the author's thesis,