Hemingway as a vanguard of Modernism: We studied the strikingly similar syntactic and symbolic similarities between certain passages in the novel and ee Cumming's poem," anyone lived in A Pretty how town." As Cummings abandons all of the traditional techniques of conventional grammar and syntax, I explained the poem's structure and meaning line by line as Joshua noted the textual and diction similarities that Hemingway 's novel incorporated 10 years before the poem was written. We further noted the critical role symbolism plays in the novel to fill in the emotional context that Hemingway stylistically and intentionally removes from his prose.