In studying the final scenes of Act IV, we addressed the motif of male/female stereotypes. Joshua did well locating textual support for our discussion on this topic. We further explored how and why Malcolm tests McDuff's loyalty by at first insisting that he,Malcolm, is unfit to be king. Regarding both topics, I focused not only on theme but on Shakespeare's diction and syntax which reenforces the reality vs appearance theme that runs through the play. Joshua exhibits a well developed understanding of both the themes and Shakespeare's use of language.