On the board, I outlined techniques or elements to include in both an introductory and conclusion paragraph to a synthesis or an argumentative essay. I further provided instruction on using modifiers and qualifying language in order to avoid absolutes.We then in the text examined an essay on the criminal justice system and first studied the source of the essay to infer bias . JP then identified within the essay the studied techniques used in the introduction and conclusion as well as the writer's use of qualifying phrases such as "most of time" , "there is a possibility " and "many".