We began today's session following Spring break attempting to reactivate prior knowledge, but Ben stated he was very tired, his mood was very subdued, he was withdrawn and did not think he could do any work. I allowed him some time and just introduced the next topic on which we will be working in Chapter 27 entitled "New Immigrants, New Cities." Ben acknowledged this and agreed to be more engaged in work tomorrow. we briefly discussed how the period of the 1880's saw another period of increased immigration to the US but that the new wave of immigrants were largely from Eastern and Southern Europe as opposed to the first wave, when they hailed from Western and Northern Europe. We will continue to talk about the reasons for these two waves of immigration in a subsequent class when Ben is more actively engaged in discussion.