In today's second lesson, we continued with the fate of stars like our Sun. Once the star becomes unstable and loses its outer layers after the red giant phase, what's left behind is a very dense object known as a white dwarf. White dwarfs are only about the size of our Earth, but matter is packed in so densely that one spoonful of 'white dwarf matter' weighs as much an elephant. Matter is no longer in the form that we are used to here on Earth, and we need to invoke the Pauli Exclusion Principle to understand how the atoms are packed in so tight. We again covered a lot of material, and even if Jared had to sit through two hours of class today, he remained attentive and inquisitive right until the end.