We continued discussing how the Sun's activity is almost wholly driven by magnetism at its surface. Coronal mass ejections and solar flares expel large numbers of particles at high speeds into space. If the Earth is in the path of one of these events, the interaction between the particles and the Earth's magnetic field manifests itself as aurorae, or Northern Lights. This phenomenon is mostly visible at high Earth latitudes, so the Southern hemisphere experiences them, too. The only caveat is that there are hardly any inhabited areas at latitudes higher than 60 in the southern hemisphere, apart from Antarctica. Hence we mostly refer to the 'Northern Lights'. The various colors observed in the aurorae are attributed to different elements (green is oxygen, red is nitrogen, etc).