We had a double period of AP US History today. The first Battle of Bull Run - 1861, The Battle of New Orleans - 1862, Shiloh - 1962, Antietam - 1862, the bloodiest single day of the war - 6,000 soldiers died and 17,000 sustained injuries... Vicksburg - 1863, Gettysburg - 1863, three days of fighting led to devastating losses on both sides... By this time, General Lee had lost nearly one third of his army. The last stage of the Civil War 1864 - 1865... Union Generals Grant and Sherman begin their marches south to capture Richmond, VA and Atlanta, GA. General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA. The Legacy of the Civil War: the beginnings of modern warfare, with new weaponry and the military strategy of total warfare... After 100 years, states would finally become cohesively unified under a single federal government. The notion of states' regionalism will never again challenge the authority of the federal government.