Finish the discussion of local anesthetics by discussing the varies type of nerve fibers affected.
Outline and discussion the mode of action of local anesthetics, their toxicity, how they are absorbed into the nerve, which fibers of the nerve are affected first, how the different fibers cause a different degree of anesthesia, and why additions, like epinephrine, are added to the drug.
Discuss their use in dental procedures.

From a diagram of a typical nerve, label, explain and define the different coverings over the total of fibers, as well as the sheath covering each individual nerve cell.
Discuss the 3 types of nerve fibers and the effect of nerve transmission through each type.
Define how the different fibers will transmit quick sensations of pain or long lasting throbbing dull sensations of pain.
Differentiate between analgesia which is specific and local anesthesia which is not nerve specifi.

Define and discuss local anesthetics as a class of drugs.
View from a printout the molecular formulas of 5 common local anesthetics.
Discuss cocaine as the first, extracted from the coca leaves about 150 years ago, and used as a topical ophthalmic anesthetic.
Discuss the mode of action, blocking sodium channels.
Introduce the process of nociception and nociceptors.
Read patient profile of patient splashed with hydrochloric acid and broken glass.
Explain the relationship of pain to the receptors stimulated and the sensory nerves activated.

Read and discuss printed article discussing methods of reproductive control from 2000 years BC to present.
Review the effect of endogenous estrogens and progesterones on the menstrual cycle.
Discuss, in depth, the mode of action. of the varying types of birth control medications, how they affect the cycle and prevent fertilization or implantation.
Examine the pharmacology of the "morning after" pill based on its chemical composition.
List and discuss possible adverse effects caused by estrogen/progestin combinations.

Read and discuss a case study which involves a female with low estrogen levels and high testosterone levels. List and discuss the variety of drug treatments which can increase estrogen levels and lower testosterone levels using agonist, antagonist, or modulating techniques.
Discuss treatment methods used for endometriosis, their mode of action

Continuation of the effect on the menstrual cycle physiology by estrogen and progesterone.
Outline the changes which take place when there is a fertilized egg or a non fertilized egg.
Discuss the growth of hormone dependent tissue in breast carcinoma.
Outline and discuss how endogenous estrogen binds to estrogen receptors and the growth of breast tissue is controlled by estrogen and progesterone.
Discuss ways in which the pharmacological treatment of breast cell reproduction to form carcinomas works.
Outline the use of estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor modulators and/or the use of estrogen synthesis inhibitors.
List the effects of androgens on BPH and the mode of action of medicinals used to treat it.

Discussion of the hormonal control of the reproductive cycle from the follicle phase through the luteal phase and the effect of the anterior pituitary secretions. This is a prerequisite to the pharmacology of drugs which affect the reproductive system.

Complete the discussion of the pharmacology of anti epileptic medications. discuss their mode of action, metabolism, and plasma binding. Indicate how they affect and are affected by drugs which control the cyp450 enzyme system.
Begin the discussion of the pharmacology of drugs which affect the reproductive system. Show how the synthesis of progestins, estrogens, and androgens are derived from cholesterol.
Outline the effects of the pituitary gland hormones and the hypothalamus on the secretions of these hormones.
View the outline which shows the conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the female.

Nina initiated a discussion prompted by a research article which
associated Alzheimers with a type of Diabetes, referred to as Diabetes type 3.
This is followed by a continuation of the changes in brain nervous transmission leading to focal or general seizures. A case study is examined in response to diagrams outlining how the spread of the neuronal signal abnormality affects motor and affective responses. Discuss what might be done to eliminate or ameliorate the rapid, synchronous firing.

Discuss the physiology of brain neuron transmission. Review how neurons exist in a polarized state, depolarized state, and re-polarized state. Discuss the factors which control keeping the impulses from over transmitting. Show why increases in speed and number of stimulated neurons will create an abnormal situation and lead to a seizure.
Review brain anatomy and relate focal seizures and general seizures to the anatomy.