Review of known facts regarding the atom as modeled by Niels Bohr... Discussion of what determines the energy of the atom, and how the orbital radius affects the potential energy, which affects the total energy of the atom... How an atom becomes "excited" and why it emits an electromagnetic wave of energy when an electron drops from a higher to lower energy level... Show how energy and orbit size are quantized and derive the formula to show that the energy of the atom = the energy of the photon.

The lesson involves answering the question, "why is the radius of a uranium atom (U-238) only about 3x greater than the radius of a hydrogen atom (H-1). The answer was arrived at through a discussion of electric field attraction between nuclear protons and orbiting electrons, and how the addition of more protons and electrons affects the innermost orbits of electrons, as more electrons are added, the inner orbits shrink in size due to stronger electrical attraction.

Discuss magnetic field, magnetic flux, field strength and direction.Through a series of questions, determine that the motion of electrons within an atom, rotational and revolving, creates a tiny electric field which produces a magnetic field. Show that non magnetic objects are due to opposite electron spins cancelling each other out.

A review of previous terms from last week was undertaken. These included quantum, photon, plank's constant, and light emission. The photoelectric effect was presented, defined and the explanation of how it works was given, from an energy-frequency of light point of view.

Begin the class with 4-5 electric circuit problems to determine current in series, parallel, and combined circuits. An introduction to magnets and magnetic fields was started with a series of questions calling upon previous knowledge. The concept of the type of forces magnets exert on each other, the strength of the force and what affects that strength, where on the magnet the forces are produced, the magnetic rule regarding attraction and repulsion, and that magnets are polarized and cannot be isolated.

Examine and explain a combined circuit. List the order of operations needed to find the current, voltage, and resistance in this type of circuit. Solve a simple problem involving a circuit with 1 resistance in series along with 2 in parallel. A video was presented which graphically showed how to solve for voltage and current in a more complex combined circuit. A few problems were given for HW to reinforce the concepts

Review the major characteristics of the parallel circuit, the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Review problem given at the end of Thursday's class. Explain what is meant by the equivalent resistance, and given the formula for determining the equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit, find the equivalent resistance from a few examples. Show the difference between the determination in a series circuit and a parallel circuit.

Discuss and evaluate the assignment questions. Review the characteristics of a series circuit, concentrating of voltage and current. Using an image, discuss the characteristics and structure of a parallel circuit, with the flowing independently through each pathway. Discuss the voltage and current characteristics through a parallel circuit. Present a problem, given the voltage and resistance of 3 resistors in parallel, determine the current through each one and the total circuit current

Review and evaluate homework/test questions taken from textbook involving voltage,current, and resistance. Ohm's law was also part of the questioning.

The solving of a few Ohm's law problems were used to start the class. The term circuit is discussed, and an image viewed to show a complete, closed circuit and an open circuit. The types of circuits listed as series and parallel circuits. The series circuit is discussed first in terms of pathway, and current passing through each resistance. The calculation of the total resistance formula was given, and will be used to calculate some problems during our next class.