Introduce redox reactions which occur due to electron transfer. Reduced species will accept electrons and oxidized species will transfer an electron. Write a balanced redox equation to show the formation of a neutral metal from a salt. Outline the electron transfers, the oxidized species, the reduced species, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.

Discuss and outline how metal oxides can be converted into metals through the action of oxidation eduction reactions. Outline the reaction showing how iron is extracted from iron oxide, as determined by a redox reaction. Show the gain and loss of oxygen, the oxidizing agents and the reducing agents, along with formation of free iron. use the oxidation of magnesium by oxygen as a second example.

Present a series of equations depicting the gaseous product formed when metal carbonates, metal hydrogen carbonates, metal sulfides and ammonia react. Examine and discuss the products formed, concentrate on the gas formed. Have Joshua balance and analyze the reactants and products. Depict how many of this type reaction involves more tjhan one step

Discuss strong acids and bases as being strong electrolytes. Write complete New Ionic equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid by sodium hydroxide. Outline the neutralization of acetic acid using sodium hydroxide. Determine that acetic acid is a weak acid and the reaction is reactant favored. Discuss why the product sodium acetate in solution will have an acid pH. Chart out the solution pH when weak and strong acids neutralize weak and strong bases. Outline the reaction between Antonia and hydrochloric acid. Write a Net Ionic equation. Show how a proton is transferred from the hyddronium ion formed by Hal to the ammonia molecule which makes ammonia basic.

Elicit how carbon dioxide and sulfur trioxide will form acidic solutions without hydrogen atom present in the formula. Show how carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid in a two step process, and discuss the Ka of each step. Outline carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide as acidic oxides.
Discuss and outline how metal oxides such as calcium oxide are base oxides forming a metal oxide base such as calcium hydroxide when dissolved in water,

Discuss amphiprotic acids. Use examples to explain how they can be classed as either an acid or a base determined by the proton movement. Write net ionic equations to show phosphoric acid behaves as an amphiprotic molecule. Introduce oxides and non metals and write an equation to demonstrate how carbon dioxide undergoes two ionic reactions when presenting with acid properties

Discuss dissociation constant for acids and how to determine if an acid is a strong acid or a weak acid based on the dissociation constant. Discuss how ammonia acts as a base without an OH ion being in the formula. Compare dissociation constants of strong acids with weak . Explain diprotic acids and examine both dissociation constants.

Discuss Arrhenius's theory of acids and bases. Use examples to demonstrate the dissociation into hydrogen ions and an anion. Discuss the formation of the hydronium ion from water. Indicate the formation of OH ions when a molecule dissociates into a bass molecule. View chart of acid and base strength based on the dissociations constant.
Introduce the Bronsted-Lowrly theory of acid and base classification. Use examples to demonstrate the transfer of a proton indicates an acid and the acceptance of a proton indicates a base. Use examples to show each type of formation.

As part of the aqueous solution discussion, precipitation formation is determined from ions formed during double replacement reactions. Table of solubility is used to determine if the products formed will be ions or molecular precipitates. A series of examples are used to demonstrate how to determine the state of the products. Complete net ionic equations are written for each example.

Discuss why and how most reactions proceed in aqueous solution. Define solution. Discuss the formation of ions in aqueous solution, called dissociation. Present a diagram depicting ionization process and the attraction of water molecules to ions. Define electrolyte and differentiate between a strong, weak and non electrolyte, Use examples to clarify each model type.