Make up for missed MAP

Administer a test on chapter 7 material. Begin a discussion of chemical energy and ATP. Determine how energy is required for all life functions. List common forms of energy and then concentrate on the chemical energy required for cells. Describe how chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms when compounds are formed. Determine that the energy stored from synthesis of the compounds is released when the bonds are broken. Describe wax as a lipid, and how wax releases energy as the wax molecules burn and form lower energy molecules. View a diagram of ATP, and note each of the 3 major chemical sections. Indicate that the last phosphate bonds are high energy bonds.

Have Cam determine and list the 6 possible genotypes regarding blood typing. Utilize both designation methods. Submit the problem- Can a type A parent and a type parent have a type O offspring? From the answer submitted, prove using a Punnett square whether your answer is correct on not. Discuss the probabilities based on your results. If incorrect, show why based on genotypes.

Complete discussion on phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and show diagrams for examples. Begin a discussion of homeostasis and cells by viewing a short video showing fresh water protists. Determine that they perform all the functions of life, including maintaining homeostasis. Review the definition of homeostasis and the internal physical and chemical environment. Include growth, reproduction, responding to environmental changes, and transformation of energy. Determine that cells of multicellular life forms are interdependent and communicate by sending and receiving signals. Outline the specialization of cells required, and list a few specialized cells.

Review terms involved in blood transfusions. Determine that the blood type is due to specific antigens located on the red blood cells, and that the antibodies are found within the plasma. From a chart, indicate the % of blood types found in the population. Discuss the antigen Rh factor which is a second blood typing antigen, and note the type as either Rh positive or Rh negative. Show genotype by using capital I and lower case I along with the antigen as a superscript. Example, type A allele would be I^a. State that type A and type B are co-dominant, and type O is recessive. Have Cam write the genotypes for each type, both homozygous and heterozygous.

Discuss and define active transport occurring within cells. Determine that substances must sometimes move into and out of cells against the concentration gradient, which would involve active transport. Relate that active transport requires energy supplied by ATP. Discuss how movement of small molecules through active transport involves transport proteins, also called transport pumps. Show diagrams to demonstrate the placement of these pumps. Introduce endocytosis and exocytosis as active transport methods to move large molecules into a cell. Use diagram images which show endocytosis and exocytosis and the formation of vesicles which occur.

Human blood types are a good example of multiple allele genetics. Introduced terms to be used in blood typing. Transfusion, donor, recipient, antigen, antibody, agglutination, blood cells and plasma. Discuss how early blood transfusions were not very successful, resulting ion clots and death. Define and discuss the discovery of carbohydrate antigens on red blood cells which led to modern blood typing. Determine the antigen and antibody composition of all 4 major types of blood.

Microscope lab usage to show the effects of osmosis on plant cell osmotic pressure. Red onion skin cells were used because of their pigment being easily viewed. Membrane shrinkage and vacuole shirking was seen when the cells were placed in a hypertonic environment. Normal cells were viewed and diagrams in both environments drawn.

Introduce the 4 o'clock flower colors red and white. Show by diagram why a cross between a pure red and a pure white will not produce a hybid red or white. There are no dominant alleles for the flower color. The color which shows is pink, which is a blended color of red and white. Show the cross and define incomplete dominance.

Define osmotic pressure as a force of water inside and outside a cell membrane. Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Show examples using images. Discuss why osmosis depends on the concentration of ions in solution to determine the direction of water molecule movement. Show diagram of lysing and shrinking red blood cells to to hypotonicity and hypertonicity.