Discuss environmental problems brought about by the building of dams. Introduce "fish ladders" as a solution to one of the drawbacks. Examine the history and use of aqueducts, discuss the pros and cons. Introduce the "water footprint" measurement. Define the term as per capita use by industry, agriculture, and residence uses. Show how the footprint is determined, the math equation used and solve the "do the math problem"
Review answers to HW questions. Define and discuss the differences between levees, dikes, and dams. Outline how and why each one is used, their benefits and drawbacks. Discuss what has occurred in cities like New Orleans when the dikes and levees did not hold. Elicit outcomes to areas downstream when greater than normal amounts of water reach downstream.
Define and discuss the differences between a levee, a dike, and a dam. Indicate using pictures and diagrams how each one serves a particular purpose. Discuss their use on rivers, lakes and ponds, and oceans. Elicit some negative factors which can occur to the environment due to the use of any or all of them. Review and corect module 26 review questions
Discuss how lakes and ponds are created through tectonic activity or glaciation.
Examine how tectonic activity can create either high salinity lakes and ponds by land rise in the ocean, or fresh water lakes and ponds through land splitting in deep fissures which fill with water. Indicate how glacial movement scrapes large depressions in the land which fill with water. Examples are the formation of the
Great Lakes in the US.
Discuss how atmospheric water is essential to global distribution, especially in arid areas. Analyze how extreme droughts can occur which kill people, cattle and crops. These droughts are made worse by increased population and water use. Indicate how topsoil can blow away, soil can harden and become impenetrable, leading to runnoff and flooding when the drought is ending.
Examine confined and unconfined aquifers. View using diagrams how they are differentiated, the type of water located in each, the recharge ability, artesian wells, the contamination present in each, how the contamination enters the water, and why the confined aquifers are unsustainable. Introduce the concept of the flood plain, the formation of lakes and ponds through tectonoic activity and glaciation
Discuss the type, amounts, and locations of the water found on the planet. Indicate how less than 1% of fresh water is available as drinking water.
Introduce aquifers, confined and unconfined. Differentiate the typs of water found in each, and why unconfined will contain toxins and pollutants due to anthropogenic activity. Discuss the flow of water from ground water into the aquifers, and the reasons for the non sustainability of water in confined aquifers.
Discuss surface water, large rivers, flood plains and the formation of lakes
Define and view using diagrams how ground water is located in aquifers.
Discuss confined and unconfined aquifers, recharge, springs, artesian wells and discharge areas.
Discuss surface water locations, 3 largest rivers by volume and why early civilizations settled along these rivers.
Examine the many types of water on the planet. Discuss how that water is distributed on the Earth. Elicit that only less than 1% of all water is available as fresh water for drinking.
Define aquifer. Differentiate and examine unconfined aquifers, confined aquifers, water table and ground water recharge. Examine springs, artesian wells and flowing artesian wells.
Introduce the IPAT equation, define each factor and discuss how it is used to determine impact on global environments. Discuss the conceptual use of population, affluence and technology to determine impact. Examine the GDP as a way to determine the effect of affluence. Discuss local versus global impacts, and the effect of urban impact.
Define and discuss how the IPAT equation is used in determination of the effects of humans on the planet. Examine how the population, affluence, and technology contribute to the overall determination. Introduce the GDP as an indicator of population production.
