We began with reviewing Anna's Chapter 16 assessment essay. We then resumed covering the material in Chap. 17. We began with the growth of socialism and Marxism during the industrial revolution. Marx referred to the impoverished working class as the "proletariat." He encouraged the proletariat to rise up against "captains of industry." But Marx couldn't forsee the development of a sizable middle class and that in many countries, workers could improve their standard of living in a capitalist framework.
Capitalist societies developed some capacity for reform. They abolished child labor, wages rose, infant mortality dropped, commercial shopping became accessible, factory conditions were more regulated and sanitary improvement cleaned up cities. We then discussed the growth of nationalism and how it caused people to be more loyal to their countries than to their class. From 1815 - 1939, new migrations of people from Europe (20% of their population) of 50-55 million moved to the USA, Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere for new opportunities. This overwhelmed Aborigine and Maori populations in Australia and New Zealand.Many European colonies in Africa were established in this period and we looked at a map on p. 756. 80& of Europeans who immigrated to Latin America went to Brazil and Argentina, altering the class structure of these countries - to this day. 32 million European immigrants arrived in the U.S. between 1820 - 1930. This contributed to Western Expansion, the displacement of Native Americans and racism against non-protestant immigrants. Industrialization globalizes - spreads to other countries. This leads to the growth of middle and factory labor classes. Women begin to participate in the working class. We reviewed the growth of socialist and Marxist movements the lead to conflict in many European nations. We concluded with Industrialization in the U.S. It begins in New England in the 1820s and spreads after the Civil War. By 1914, the U.S. is the world's leading industrial power. It pioneered mass production, interchangeable parts, assembly line and advertising. We looked at tenements and the plight of U.S. workers.