Outline and discuss both nervous control and chemical control of respiration.
Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the inspiration and exhalation centers in the medulla and the pons.
Explain and outline how the baroreceptors detect stretch in the lungs and generate impulses to the medulla to depress the inspiration centers.
Indicate and explain how fright and anger can effect the rate of respiration from the cerebral cortex to the hypothalamus to the centers in the medulla and eventually to the respiratory muscles.
Discuss the physiology behind coughs, sneezing, yawning, and hiccups.
Chemical respiration involves the effect of blood pH, levels of carbon dioxide, and levels of oxygen.
Show chemically how hypoxia is detected by chemoreceptors and transmits sensory impulses to the medulla to increase the rate of respiration.
Discuss hypercapnia, the increase of carbon dioxide, the production of carbonic acid and the lowering of the blood pH producing acidosis.
Show how alkalosis occurs when the rate of respiration increases and the pH increases.
Outline the effects on the body systems of both acidosis and alkalosis.