The Inca civilization started as a small kingdom in modern-day Peru. However, in 1438 King Pachacutec invited conquered peoples to incorporate into the Empire and reorganized the government into larger territory. This region had a long history of advanced civilizations. One of the most notable examples of this was the Nazca civilization who made the Nazca lines which can still be seen today. Pachecutec wanted the Inca Empire to grow much larger than ever had been seen in the region. It was made possible through a unique record-keeping system and the construction of over 25,000 miles of roads to connect the newly conquered regions. After less than 100 hundred years, Atualpah became the last king of the Inca Empire. In 1531, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro & his forces arrived to conquer the Incas. Within just a year, Pizarro had killed Atualpah, and, despite Inca resistance, the Spanish were able to take control of the entire Empire.