The Crusades were originally meant to be a holy war against the Muslims for control over the Holy Land and Jerusalem, As the Crusades continued, the fight became more economic and political. The 9 Crusades were from 1096-1271, and the first 4 Crusades were the most significant. The First Crusade was the most successful, as Jerusalem was won by the Crusaders, but all other Crusades failed to retake Jerusalem and were seen as failures overall. In the Second Crusade, the Muslims called for a jihad and the goal to reclaim Jerusalem. The Third Crusade was led by RIchard I the Lionheart who was able to negotiate the peace with the new Muslim leader, Saladin. In the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders sacked the city of Constantinople instead of continuing to Jerusalem. The 5th to 9th Crusades were insignificant as no one was victorious. In the end, the Crusades had a mixed purpose with few results to show.