On September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention submitted its proposal for a new constitution to Congress. While the delegates intended to revise the Articles, they wrote a new Constitution. Federalists and Anti-federalists in the various states debated the merits of the new Constitution. In New York, the Federalists Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of essays supporting the Constitution, later published as the Federalist Papers. One of the major concerns of the Anti-federalists was the absence of a ''bill of rights'' which would guarantee certain human rights. The Federalists argued that such a bill of rights could be added later. The new Constitution was ratified when New Hampshire became the ninth state to do so in June 1788. In May 1790, Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution.