Civil rights are rights that are extended to all citizens, regardless of their social group. Many civil rights laws strike down policies and practices that promote discrimination and undermine some groups' rights. Many civil rights laws emerged from the American Civil Rights Movement. This movement, which focused on the rights of African Americans, took place in the mid-20th century and dismantled the Jim Crow laws that made segregation legal. The Jim Crow era emerged after the end of the American Civil War and instituted a variety of discriminatory pieces of legislation and practices. Some of the most famous civil rights leaders from that era are Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. Martin Luther King Jr. famously led a march in Selma, Alabama seeking greater voting rights. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person and thereby kicked off a prolonged bus boycott. Additionally, the Freedom Riders helped to integrate the bus system by riding the buses and provoking violent resistance, resulting in greater legal protection and enforcement of the law. Their efforts, combined with many other civil rights activists, led to several key pieces of legislation. Importantly, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 made Jim Crow laws illegal by prohibiting the segregation of public spaces. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided more robust voting rights for Black people. Among the practices that it targeted were literacy tests and all-white primaries.