In the post-war era, containment was the over-arching foreign policy. Developed primarily by Secretary of State George F. Kennan, containment policy sought to contain the spread of communism, but not actively combat it. Containment was enacted on the international stage through proclamations, plans and ideas like the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine and the domino theory. NATO was also formed during this time, as well as its Soviet counterpart, the Warsaw Pact. Domestically, Americans faced the Red Scare during the later 40s and early 50s. The interstate highway system we know and love today (or maybe not love, depending on your daily commute) was established during this time under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. Civil rights also figured heavily into post-war politics, with President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964.