Define speciation, and discuss how it is driven by reproductive isolation. Discuss reproductive isolation. Introduce allopatric speciation as separation into two or more populations due to physical barrie. Use example of squirrels and the Grand Canyon. Note that allopatric involves divergence from a common ancestor. Discuss sympatric speciation as species evolution without a physical barrier. Determine that it is more common amongst plants and insects. Discuss polyploidy and mutations.