Outline saturated solutions, unsaturated solutions, and supersaturated solutions. Discuss these in terms of dynamic equilibrium. Introduce vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure Discuss how vapor pressure forms above the surface of all liquids and exerts a downward pressure on the liquid. Discuss why less gas will dissolve in a warmer liquid than in a colder one.

View the the differences between a saturated, unsaturated, and super saturated solution. Show how the solution concentration will depend on the temperature of a given amount of solvent. Examine the use of a solubility chart to determine the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature. Show how to make a supersaturated solution, and the result of adding 1 grain more of solute to the solution.

Factors which affect the rate of solvation reaction lab. The affect of solute surface area on the rate of solution and the affect temperature has on the rate of solution.

Lab set up and pre lab discussion for the lab to be given later in the day.

Elicit what happens between the solute and the solvent when you place a solid in a solvent. Define and describe crystallization. Discuss the term rate as used in chemistry. Describe the solution and crystallization reaction occurring when a cube of sugar is placed into water. Discuss equilibrium between solvation and crystallization. View video demonstrating how to increase the rate of solvation.

Discuss factors which affect the rate of solubility, and how these factors affect the rate. Define rate in terms of amount per unit time. Elicit the factors of particle size, stirring and/or shaking, and temperature increase. For each factor determine how it will increase the rate by increasing solute-solent interactions.

Discus, describe and show model examples how water will dissolve covalent metal-metal compounds, and how it will dissolve ionic compounds. Observe the polarity of water, how it surrounds a covalent molecule like sucrose, and carries it into solution. Compare this with ionic solvation. The formula umit must first dissociate into ions which will attract the polar water molecule , allow it to surround each ion, and then casrry it into solution

Discuss solute-solute bonds and solvent-solvent bonds. Elicit solution occurs when the solvent is able to split the solute molecules and surround them with water. Define endothermic and exothermic reactions. Discuss how the splitting is endothermic while the solvation is exothermic. Define heat of solution as the difference.

Using an activity sheet, define, discuss and give examples of solvation, solute intramolecular attraction and solvent intramolecular attraction. Use molecular models to demonstrate how the molecules of solute must first be ionized due to a larger solvent attraction for solute molecules than solute-solute attractions. Show how solvent molecules surround and dissolve the solute.

Discuss and define the term solution, concentration, solute and solvent. Elicit how reporting concentration strength as dilute or concentrated can be a misleading term, based on the amounts of solute and solvent. Introduce a more quantitative measure.