Use the ionization of water to determine the ionization constant for water. Present the ionization concentration for Hydrogen and hydroxide ions as 1 x 10^-7 each. Determine from those concentrations at equilibrium that the ionization constant is 1x 10^-14, Show mathematically how to arrive at that number. Present the formula as Ka = [H+] [OH]. Present the problem: What is the [OH-] if the [H+] is 1x10^-5. Is the solution acid or base?

Chapter test -Acids and bases

Determine answers for some of the questions at the end of the chapter section. Discuss which answers are more accurate than others. Outline some common biochemical uses for proteins, especially those with human physiology outcomes. Examples such as insulin and thyroid hormone were considered, as well asl digestive enzymes

Outline the self ionization equation for water. Define and discuss the equilibrium expression which is used to determine the ionization constant for a sample acid. Write the expression Ka= [product] [product]/[reactant]] [reactant]. Discuss that this number will identify strong acids and weak acids

Titration of a given volume of hydrochloric acid, molarity equal of 1.0l, with an unknown molarity of NaOH. The volume of base required to neutralize the acid to its end point is determined using phenopthaln as the end point indicator.

Discuss the term peptide and amino acid. Draw structural formulas and depict how amino acids can bond together, amino group end of one amino acid to the acid group end of a second amino acid, along with the removal of a water molecule. Define these as dipeptides and the bond formed as a peptide bond.. Show diagrams of proteins folding over each other to form a polypeptide. Define polypeptides in terms of amino acid groups.

Discuss acid strength in terms of hydrogen ion concentration. Present the math expression to determine the acid strength, the Ka. Write the mathematical expression and then present an example for an acid. Discuss why a larger number Ka us will indicate a stronger acid, due to increased ionization.

Define acids which are monoprotic and acids which are diprotic. Show example formulas of each type. Discuss polyprotic acids. Answer text questions from the end of the chapter.

Introduce the area of biochemistry. Begin the study by discussing proteins. Define an amino acid and sketch a molecular formula for a generic amino acid. Label the acid functional group, the amino functional group, the central carbon which contains a hydrogen atom, and the side chains which can be any atoms from a hydrogen to complex alkane and/or aromatic cyclicals. Sketch an example of a few.

Define an acid based on the theory proposed by Bronsted-Lowry. Use examples to illustrate that common B-L acids are proton donors when ionized. Define a B-L base as a proton acceptor in an ionization reaction. Demonstrate using examples how the proton is accepted.