Use the example of HCl and HF ionization to indicate that each will donate only one hydrogen ion per molecule. Define these as monoprotic acids. List a few other monoprotic acids. Show using the structural formula why acetic acid is a monoprotic acid. Discuss why the ionizable hydrogen is the one attached to the oxygen which is more electronegative than the carbon. Show why the hydrogen in HF is bonded to the highly electronegative fluorine, creating a polar molecule which allows HF to ionize into an acid. Discuss why benzene, C6H6 is not an acid based on carbon and hydrogen having the same electronegativity.
Review and write skeletal and structural formulas for a common amine, Analine. Determine that the compound is a hydrocarbon alkane with an amino functional group. Show a structural. formula which contains a diamine, with an amino at both ends. Discuss the two compounds formed by amine decomposition, Cadaverine and Putrescine. Discuss the physical property of a pungently smelly, which cadaver dogs are trained to sniff.
Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid. Define and discuss a proton. Determine why a hydrogen ion is a proton. Determine how to form a proton from a hydrogen atom. Use an example of a typical acid, HF dissolved in water. Write the ionization of the acid, show the hydronium ion as H30 +. From the equation, decide which element is the acid and why, based on the B-L theory. Determine what the B-L bas will be.
Define molarity as moles per liter. Discuss a sample problem given in the text book. Determine that the volumes which are listed as ml must be converted to liters, and the moles written in scientific notation. Work through the conversions. State the formula to use as Ma x Va = Mb x Vb. Given the moles of base, the volume of bas and the volume of acid, determine the moles of acid present
Discuss the ammonia and formation of an amino group. Determine that an alkane molecule which one of the hydrogens is substituted for by a NH2 amino group is an organic amine. Use the nomenclature of the alkyl group
followed by the term amine, and if necessary, the carbon which contains the amine group. Show examples of single amine substitutions and double substitutions. Discuss some of the properties of these compounds and some common uses.
Discuss what occurs to the pH of an acid solution as when it is titrated with a base. Prepare a graph which depicts an acid with a H+ concentration of 1 x 10-1 and a pH of 1 titrated with a base of NaOH pH13. Draw the graph which depicts the acid pH changing from 1 to 7, and then showing the equivalence point reached. Discuss what is happening to the H+ concentration as the pH increases from 1-7. Discuss the use of an indicator to determine the equivalence point.
Listen to a podcast which involves the beginning of the development and use of organic ether molecules as anaesthesia. Discuss the molecule as a diethyl ether molecule. Discuss what possible effects it has on the brain and central nervous system. The podcast also outlines how the chemical effect and physiological effect are still not truly known.
Review and correct homework assignment which involved writing the correct formula for about 60 ionic formula units. Introduce the Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base. An act will ionize to form hydrogen ions and a base will ionize to form hydroxide ions. Show examples of each and have Cam determine which are aches and which are bases.
Review pH, pOH, acid ionization, H+ concentration and OH- concentration. Define a salt chemically. Write an equation to show the products formed when an Arrhenius acid reacts with an Arrhenius base. Indicate that a salt and water is always formed by the double replacement reaction. Use examples or HCl reacting with Mg(OH)2, and HCl reacting with NaOH. Name and write the correct formula for the salt product formed. Define a neutralization reaction in terms of salt and water formation
Define the organic substances called ethers. Write the general formula for an ether as R'-O-R". Determine that it is composed of two organic molecules, either alkanes or cyclic or a combination of both with an oxygen atom attached to the central ether carbon. Determine the simplest ether is composed of two methyl groups with an oxygen between them. CH3-O-CH3, Explain the Nomenclature, and name the ether as dimethyl ether. Discuss some of the physical and chemical properties of ethers and their original use as general anaesthetics.
