Jaydn completed her literary essay on "Flowers For Algernon" by addressing symbolism and by composing a conclusion paragraph. I provided instruction on how to incorporate symbolism into the essay as well as on the function of conclusion. After Jaydn completed drafting, we worked on editing to eliminate tense changes within a paragraph , to correct run-ons, and to add commas where needed. At the end of the session, we had completed a good analysis with textual examples and proper structure.

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the US during the early- to mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. The network was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees. Various other routes led to Mexico where slavery had been abolished, and to islands in the Caribbean that were not part of the slave trade. An earlier escape route running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession existed from the late 17th century until approximately 1790. One estimate suggests that by 1850, approximately 100,000 enslaved people had escaped to freedom via the network. We took a closer look at the life and bravery of Harriet Tubman.

An Abolitionist is a person who does not entertain a specific practice or an institution. Such people were found in North America during the abolitionists' movement against slavery. There were various abolitionist leaders, and they impacted the movement significantly. These individuals were the primary reason why slavery was abolished in America. They included former slaves, former slave owners, and individuals from Quakers and Baptist religion. Today we focused on several abolitionist leaders: David Walker, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Henry Highland Garnet, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth. We discussed the Underground Railroad and how it operated as a network to help slaves escape to free territories.

Today, we used the class time to review the topics that we have been introducing for the last couple of days.

As we have concluded our study of "Flowers for Algernon" ,during today's session Jaydn worked on drafting a literary essay as an assessment. After she completed a few paragraphs, we discussed how to incorporate the prompt's thematic inquiry as to the ethics of certain types of medical experimentation . Specifically, we worked on incorporating into the essay the thematic importance of the story's biblical allusions to Adam and Eve and on relating this reference to the "evils" inherent in exploring certain kinds of scientific or medical knowledge.

During today's classes, we described the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. We discussed Lousie de Broglie's role in the development of the quantum model of the atom, compared and contrasted the Bohr model and the quantum model of the atom, and finally, we explained the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Schrodinger wave equation led to the idea of atomic orbitals.

Women's rights in the 19th century differed substantially from women's rights today. Due to the "Cult of Domesticity", women were expected to take on domestic duties. Beginning in the early 19th century, many women showed their support for the "temperance" movement because of the dangerous effect alcohol had on society and on their husbands. In 1848, women, such as Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, worked together to organize the Seneca Falls Convention. Opponents believed that women did not have the intellect or knowledge needed to vote, and instead should tend only to domestic issues out of the reach of politics. However, the convention mobilized women across the country to stand up for equality. It encouraged women to vote, work outside the home, and gain an education, aside from the traditional domestic duties they were accustomed to. Other important women, such as Susan B. Anthony, joined the fight in 1850, traveling the country to let their messages be heard. When Sojourner Truth gave her speech, "Ain't I a Woman?", she spoke up for women of color across the nation. These important women's actions and their organization of the Seneca Falls Convention paved the way for the 19th amendment to be passed in 1920.

Despite some of Andrew Jackson's presidential policies in the 1830s, there will be some positive change in 19th century America. Jaydn was introduced to 3 growing movements in the 1800s: feminist, abolitionist and education. We will take a look at these movements individually starting in our next class later this morning.

During today's classes, we started working on Chapter 4.
We explained the mathematical relationship between the speed, wavelength, and frequency of electromagnetic radiation. We discussed the dual wave-particle nature of light and discussed the significance of the photoelectric effect.

Romanticism also influenced American writers. In this period, we see novels, short stories, and poems instead of the sermons and essays of the colonial period. Just like the visual art, Romantic literature emphasizes emotion, freedom, personal experience, and morality. Unlike the painters, many American authors and their works are household names: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, The Scarlet Letter, Moby-Dick, many poems by Walt Whitman, and countless stories by Edgar Allan Poe.

Female writers also finally had a voice in this era of American literature. Emily Dickinson is a well-known American poet of the day who wrote prolifically about the theme of individualism. Other women were especially adept at weaving in the political issues of the day. For example, Harriet Beecher Stowe's book Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and very influential in the abolition movement. Louisa May Alcott became famous after publishing Little Women. On the surface, it's a coming-of-age story written for children about four sisters whose father is away at war. But on a deeper level, the book explores the struggle between women's traditional, subservient social role and the growing desire to pursue their own goals in life and to achieve political equality.