Determine why the boiling point of water is as high as it is compared to mass equivalent compounds. Discuss hydrogen bonding between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Sketch and discuss the 3 different types of isomerism. Use structural formulas to show each.

Finish covalent bond test started on Tuesday. Explain the nomenclature of a structural formula assigned for HW. Explain some methods for determining the correct ratio of product questions.

Alkene nomenclature. Use models to create cis and trans molecules and explain the difference. Discuss lack of rotation around double bonds compared to rotation of atoms around single bonds. Determine the correct IUPAC name for a variety of double bonded compounds with alkyl substitutions as well as activity of double bonded alkenes when reacted with halogens.
Covalent bonding test period 2

Outline the formation of double bonded compounds and why they are classified as a homologous series called alkenes.
Use IUPAC nomenclature to identify some common alkenes, along with their common identifiable names, like acetylene for ethene.
Show how to use the carbon numbering system to properly identify where the double bond in a compound is found.

Continue with nomenclature of branched alkanes. Joshua needed to draw the skeletal structures from the organic formulas, and vice versa. Examined and corrected formulas when needed, and discussed some uses for these compounds

Have Joshua attempt to construct using the molecular models, the structural formula of the C6H12 alkane. If unable after a few tries, write the structure on the board and show that it is a cyclic structure called cyclohexane. Complete by writing the ways of abbreviating the formula, then how to name the molecule when substitutions are added.

Use a series of structural formulas to explain isomers. Define and discuss how to recognize the Alkyl substitution groups. Use structural drawings to explain the formation of branched chains. Discuss nomenclature of branched chain alkanes, how to correctly number the carbons and to correctly name the alkyl groups attached to each numbered carbon, in the proper order. Work up to some very complex compound structures and names

Structural formula of the first 10 alkanes along with the definition of saturated. Have Joshua determine the type of carbon to carbon bond needed to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon, by attempting to draw the structural formula from the molecular formula of a few examples. Examine how hydrocarbons are refined from petroleum by fractional distillation,

Introduction to organic chemistry and organic molecules. Discuss the history of organic compounds. Examine the structural formula of the first lab synthesized organic molecule, urea. Show the hybridization of the carbon orbitals to form 4 bonds. Present a newer definition of organic compounds. Use models to build the ri4st 5 compounds in the methane hydrocarbon series. Discuss the nomenclature for these compounds

Review why polar covalent bonds will form. Examine the concept of partial charge on molecular ends. Using molecular models, have Joshua construct and then draw on the board a hydrogen oxygen bond and then a water molecule. Elicit the partial polarity each, and then determine thate the water molecule is asymmetrical and polar covalent. Construct a carbon-chlorine bond, determine its polarity. Construct a carbon tetrachloride molecule and elicit why this molecule is non polar, even though it is composed of polar C-Cl bonds.