Define, discuss and present examples of amine aromatic hydrocarbons. Discus how they are chemically related to an ammonia molecule, in which one hydrogen in ammonia is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. The general formula becomes R-NH2. Explain primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Discuss nomenclature using examples. Present puitricine, cadaverine, and aniline as examples to demonstrate properties. Review and discuss homework questions from Thursday.
Discuss the general formula for aldehydes and ketones. Present a few common aldehydes and structural formulas. Include formaldehyde used in preservation, oil of almond, vanillin, and cinnamaldehyde. ketones would include acetone as the primary ketone (nail polish remover). Determine the IUPAC name for each example.
Outline the difference between alcohol and ether functional groups. From sample formulas demonstrate that ether molecules are created from an alcohol hydrocarbon substitution on the hydroxyl hydrogen. Present nomenclature through examples. Discuss uses of ethers as solvents and in medicine. Introduce halogenated ether molecules which are safer to administer than the traditional diethyl ether molecules. Note boiling point differences between alcohols and ethers, due to one small atomic change.
Define organic functional groups and use a general formula R-X. List some common functional groups which are present in aromatic hydrocarbons. Discuss alcohols and the alcohol functional group, OH. Review the nomenclature rules for naming alcohols, and use a few examples. Show the different ways of naming the same alcohol, using the official name, the common name, the usual name, and the old name. Define diols and triol alcohols, show structural formulas and discuss some usual and common names.
outline and discuss the following aromatic hydrocarbons. Aspartane, chlorobenzene, benzoic acid, aniline, phenol, and styrene. Discuss some common uses. Discuss ortho-meta-and para positions of additions to benzene. List and discuss 4-5 common properties of aromatic compounds. Outline that aromatics, like benzene do not undergo addition reactions, they undergo substitution reactions. Give examples of the 3 different types or substitutions
Correct and analyze the textbook homework problems which were due today. Define and discuss aromatic hydrocarbons, all of which are based on the benzene molecule. Structures and uses for toluene and naphthalin are discussed. Medicinal uses for tolu balsam also discussed.
Discuss alkene isomers. Show structurally why alkene isomers will only begin with a minimum of 4 carbons. Exhibit, using 1-butene as the hydrocarbon, why there are 4 isomers when the formula's indicate a maximum of 3.
Write the chemical reactions which occur during addition reaction of halogens or halogen halides. Indicate why the concentration of halogen will determine the additions formula of the alkenes. Discuss hydrogenation with hydrogen as the reagent. Indicate why hydrogenated oils are solids and act like a preservative. Discuss the Markovnokov rule, and show examples.
Work the nomenclature for typical alkane molecules. Discuss alkane properties, including boiling point, melting point, color, state, smell. Discuss how they react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Show how they also react with halogens in the presence of UV light. Introduce cycloalkanes, particularly cyclopropane and cyclobutane. Define strained hydrocarbons with bent angles and weak bonds. Introduce alkenes, the general formula and types of isotopes.
Discuss why carbon compounds are stable based on bond strength and speed of reaction. Introduce the five main subdivision of alkanes. Generate the general formula. Define which are gases, liquids, and solids. Sketch and name the 5 isotopes of hexane. Discuss the nomenclature regulation for naming alkanes. Present 2-3 examples on the board.
Elicit the 4 bond formations which carbon attains to complete an octet. Define isomers. Discuss and use examples of structural isomers and stereoisomers. Define with examples geometric isomers and optical isomers. Discuss rotation of light connected with optical isomers. Define and use examples of chiral molecules and the definition of enantiomers.
