Review the procedure used to write a correct ionic formula unit expression. Using a series of anions and cations, discuss and review how to write the correct ionic compound formula units. Discuss and review all the regulations needed to correctly write the compound. Discuss the nomenclature for each one.
Review acids as hydrogen ion producing substances in solution. Discuss the use of the pH measurement to indicate acid strength rather than using hydrogen ion concentration in moles/l in scientific notation. Show how the scientific notation can be converted to a simple number through the use of the log of the concentration. Indicate the pH as a number from 0 14 and indicate acid, neutral, and basic solutions. Define how as the pH increases from zero, the acid strength decreases by a factor of 10. Determine 7 as neutral. Determine if some common products are acids or bases by their pH
Discuss how esters are the product of a dehydration reaction between and organic acid and an alcohol. Sketch the formation of how the water molecule is released in the reaction, leaving the "ester". Derive the general formula of an ester as R'-O-R". Discuss nomenclature, use the alcohol name first followed by the acid name with the OIC of the acid name replaced by ATE. Sketch the formula for methyl salicylate, Oil of Wintergreen, and discuss some of its uses.
Review determination of H+ and OH- concentration using the ionization constant for water as 1 x 10^-14. Determine the H+ concentration at equilibrium when given the OH- concentration, and the OH- when given the H+.
Introduce the pH units to determine acidity and alkalinity. Indicate 7 as neutral, 0 to 7 readings as acidic, and 7 to 14 readings as basic (alkaline). Discuss and view the pH of a few common household products
Discuss and view the structural formula for a tri-carboxylic acid (citric) and a hydoxyacid, (lactic). Present the general formula and synthesis for aldehydes through the oxidation of an alcohol. Discuss and view the structural formula for acetaldehyde, which is a metabolite of ethanol, and causes headaches and a "hangover".
Discuss physical and chemical properties of acids. Define and present the Arrhenius acid-base theory in terms of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion formation. Introduce the Bronsted-Lowry theory.
The test on chemical reaction types, moles, and gram molecular weights which was scheduled for last week will be done if Cam feels ready.
Select and write the ionization reaction between a fictional bas ZaH2 and water to yield a solution with OH- concentration of 2.68 x 10^-4 mol/l. A ZaH3 concentration of 2.68 x 10^-3 mol/l and a final concentration of .099 mol/l for ZaH^2. Determine the Kb of the reaction.
Write the reaction as ZaH2 +H2O ----> ZaH3 + OH-.
Have Kaitlin write the expression to determine the Kb as sum of [products] / [ reactants]
Have Kaitlin convert 0.099 into scientific notation,
insert all numbers into the expression and solve.
Derive the formulas for aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. Show the close similarities in structural formulas between all three. Derive the chemical nomenclature. Discuss that they are all analgesics due to their structures which will fit onto specific pain receptors on cells.
